Thursday, October 31, 2019
2pg response to a cultural experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
2pg response to a cultural experience - Essay Example India and Pakistan share almost similar cultural roots and most of the cultural practices are same and they tend to show the same kind of emotions and sentiments while interacting with people outside their own culture. One of the most striking things about this particular culture experience would be the fact that Pakistanis and Indians tend to share the same level of attitude towards life. They are not so disciplined as most of the people in west tend to be because their life is mostly haphazard in nature without any concrete planning in their life. The most important thing of my cultural experience with them was the fact they tend to view and honor women in more formal way as compared to the western people. Their respect and attitude towards women is entirely different as most of them are shy at disclosing their emotions and sentiments to them. Mostly you would find them shy and uncomfortable while talking to women. Their dresses are mostly comfortable and they prefer to wear cloths which provide more comfort than style. This distinguishes them because sometimes you may find them little bit more informal than usual as compared to Western people. My overall cultural experience has been excellent as it has been a learning experience for me. This is because of the fact that I have been able to learn an entirely different attitude towards life as whole and little things in general. India and Pakistan give you an excellent cultural experience to live and experience a culture which is more hospitable, little bit less tolerant, strict in it core beliefs as well as values and give a lot of attention to more closer bonds between
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Interesting Types of Smells to Dogs Essay Example for Free
Interesting Types of Smells to Dogs Essay Canine dogs have a particular advanced sense of smell that is even more developed than humans. Dogs, in any breed, have scenting organ located in its mouth that transmits necessary information to the dogââ¬â¢s brain. This ability enables dogs to detect even the slightest scent in the environment. In contrast with human who has only about five million scent receptors, dogs have about 200 million that surpasses the ability of humans to detect different scents available in the environment. Dogââ¬â¢s nose has moisture that enables them to trap scent molecules that enables it to discriminate different scents. (Anonymous, 2007) One particular interesting scent to dogs is urine. To dogs, urine scent is like a fingerprint among humans. It embodies different information which includes the sex and age. Dogs that sniff trees, electric poles, and fire hydrants are gathering information by reading the other scents left by dogs. The urine of an in heat female dog for example contains pheromones than dogs that are out of season. (Anonymous, 2007) Other scent signals includes the anal glands, stool and saliva which all contains olfactory information that dogs are very interested to get a hold of. That is why dogs who are introduced to other new dogs are keen to smell the back ends to get information on another dogsââ¬â¢ age, sex and relationship. Even the scents of other dogs reveal its confidence and social status among other dogs. Another interesting scent to dogs is human scent. Dogs are able to distinguish human scent due to the remnants of skin cells and human tissue particles. (Anonymous, 2003)With the help of the dogââ¬â¢s memory, dog remembers the different smell of people introduced to them. A particular kind is the smell of a dogââ¬â¢s owner. It conveys a sense of comfort and safety for the dogs to remember of its owner. Body odor enables dogs to detect the mood of people. Some researchers determined that ââ¬Å"happy tearsâ⬠contains different chemicals than ââ¬Å"angry tearsâ⬠, and experts believe dogs can determine the difference. Perfume, cigarette smoke, deodorant, and other odors that linger on skin and clothing, combine to make up a personââ¬â¢s individual smell. Dogs can be sometimes confused when its owner for example, changes some of the odors it primarily has. (Kryptiks) Dogs can be turned off by odors unappealing to them. Citrus smells, such as lime, lemon and orange, and spicy smells like red pepper can turn dogs off. (Kryptiks) Particularly dogs hate citronella which is often used in products that are used to keep dogs away from certain areas. Often times, the odors that people hate are the most interesting to dogs. Trash is a main example that dogs love to smell. Dogs are also particular with their food that is why veterinarians advise owners to heat the dogââ¬â¢s food before serving to boost the aroma that enables dogs to discriminate the scent it produces. (Kryptiks)
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Gdp And Economy Of Less Developed Countries Economics Essay
Gdp And Economy Of Less Developed Countries Economics Essay In the present days world, the economy of less-develop countries is rising. Some people live for their work. Some countries move forward all the time whereas some of them are taking a step backward or staying in the same position as before. What I mean by this is that we have to find equipment for measure domestic economy in each country. Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the output made in the domestic economy, regardless of who owns the production inputs. Furthermore, GDP is the value of net output of the factor of production located in the domestic economy. It can be measured in three equivalent ways: value added in production, factor incomes including profits, or final expenditure. (Begg, Fisher and Dornbusch, 2003:286) Whats more, The evaluation of GDP includes all of changes in market price such as inflation and deflation. In order to abstract from changes in overall price level, another measure of GDP called real GDP is often used. Real GDP is GDP evaluated at the market prices of some base year. For example, if 1990 were chosen as the base year, then real GDP for 1995 is calculated by taking the quantities of all goods and services purchased in 1995 and multiplying them by their 1990 prices. (Cliffsnotes.com, 2009) GDP can define by four parts Market value Securitys last report sale price or its current bid and ask prices. When we measure total production, we must add together the all of productions. In addition, the price as determined by dynamically by buyers and seller in open market also called market price. Final Goods and Services When calculate GDP, we value the final goods and services that are bought by its final user during a specified time period. There are available for purchase by ultimate or intended user with no plan for further physical transformation or as an input in the production of other goods that will be resold. For example, Canon camera is a final good, but a lens of camera is an intermediate good. Produced within a country All Goods and services that are produced within a country, is a part of that countrys GDP. For example, Addias is the German sportswear company that produces t-shirts in Thailand, the market value of those t-shirts is part of Thailands GDP, not part of GDP in Germany. Shiseido, a Japanese cosmetic company, produces some skincare lines in U.S.A, the production of those skincare products is part of GDP in U.S.A, not part of Japan GDP. In a given time period GDP measure the value of production that take place within a specific interval of time. Normally that interval is a year or a quarter but we have no measured GDP per monthly. Furthermore, GDP measures the economys flow of income and expenditure during that interval. The equality between the value of total production and total income is important because it shows the direct link between productivity and living standards. (Parkin, Powell and Matthews, 2008:470) Standard of Living Standard of living using the product or services (level of consumption) by group, the judgment of the observer as presented to what constitutes a high or low scale. The measure most frequently used to estimate standard of living is gross nation income per capita. (Investorwords.com, 2009) So, there are not includes only the equipment articles of consumption but also the number of dependents in the surroundings, family, education, health and social services. On other hand illiteracy, unemployment, low incomes, crowded living condition, drought, war, may bring a drop in the standard of living. For example, industrialized nations tent to have a higher standard of living than developing countries. Besides, Standard of Living, It is also referred to as the level of economic welfare, utility or real income. It refers to the level of material well-being of an individual or household. In economic analysis, the standard of living has been usually held to be determined by the quantities of goo ds and services (including leisure) consumed. (C.S.Nagpal, 2000:324) Real GDP and Standard of living. Economists are required to compare the standard of living between different countries or between difference time periods and estimate the standard of living in a specific year in a particular country by taking the total worth of products and services produced in that country, annually and separating by population. Producing the total value of goods and services is called real Gross Domestic Product, or real GDP. GDP is generally measured in dollars. While the Japanese measure their GDP in yen to dollars. We can trade yen to dollars; we can do such a conversion by using the yen/dollar exchange rate to compare it. When we compare GDP across time, we would like to adjust for inflation, which is a general change in prices. For example, if we produced 100 bags of sugar at a price of $0.50 each last year, and this year we produce 100 bags of sugar at a price of $1.50 each. If we said that our GDP increased three times from $50 to $150 thats mean we were calculating nominal GDP, which is the total dollar value of goods and services. Nominal GDP is a deceptive measure of the standard of living. For the reason that, we produced the same quantities of 100 bags of sugar each year. Whats I mean by this is that real GDP was exactly the same as last year. We adjust nominal GDP for price changes, to arrive at real GDP. We select one year as a base, and we measure price changes relative to that the base year. If last year was the base year, real GDP in the base year was $50. As the price of sugar went up from $0.50 to $1.50, that the price level tripled this year, As a result that our GDP price deflator is 3.0. We can divide nominal GDP in any given year by that years GDP deflator to arrive at real GDP. Hence, we divide $150 by 3.0 to obtain the correct $50 figure for real GDP. Real GDP=Nominal GDP/GDP Deflator Overall, an increase in nominal GDP has two factors. One factor is the increase in real GDP, which raise the average standard of living. The other factor is average inflation, which does not raise the average standard of living. In a financial system with services and goods, the enlargement in the inferred GDP deflator from one year to the next is a measure of average inflation. Inflation is a general increase in the prices of services and goods. Growth in nominal GDP = growth in real GDP plus growth in inflation Averaging standard of living in a country is defined as its real GDP divided by population, or real GDP per capita. This measure of the standard of living is directly related to labor productivity, which is defined as real GDP divided by the total amount of hours worked. Standard of living = real GDP/population Labor productivity = real GDP/hours worked Real GDP/population = (real GDP/hours worked)(hours worked/population) The ratio of hours worked to population the employment ratio. Hence, the standard of living is means to productivity multiplied by the employment ratio. Then, we can increase the standard of living by raising the employment ratio. Nevertheless that is an artifact of the way that GDP only measure goods bought and sold in the market. It does not include vacation and household work. An increase in the employment ratio has to be regarded as a reduction in the quality of life. A good argument can be made that productivity is more closely related to the real quality of life, although the ratio of output to population is commonly used to measure the standard of living. Therefore, it is significant to compare labor productivity across time and across countries than to evaluate the standard of living. In contrast, Employment ratio will mean more people for working-age population to support, if the employment ratio can change because of demographics. The extent output, population and hours work tend to grow geometrically. (Kling Arnold,Ph.D., 2009) Limitations of real GDP when measuring living standard of living Using estimates of real GDP for three main intentions. Economic welfare comparisons over time Economic welfare comparisons across countries Business cycle forecasts Economic welfare comparisons over time Economic welfare is an inclusive measure of the general state of well-being. This will be improve when all the goods and services grows by the production per person. The goods and services that make up real GDP growth are only a part of all items that influence economic welfare. In 2006, because of real GDP growth, real GDP person in the United Kingdom is twice what it was in 1976. But are we twice as well off? (Parkin, Powell and Matthews, 2008:480) It is mean real GDP depends on various factors that are not measured or measured accurate by real GDP. A number of these factors are: Quality Improvements The price indices can measure inflation give an upward-biased estimate of factual inflation. Normally, if we allow too much for rise in price, we take too lightly for growth of real GDP. Household Production The majority of production takes place every day in our home. Washing dishes, using computer and watching television are all examples of the productive activities that not involve market transactions and are not counted as part of GDP. However these activities grew at the same rate as real GDP and these are not measure them would not be problem. Nevertheless it is likely that market production is gradually more replacing household production, which is not part of GDP. Underground Economic Activity The underground economy is out of sight from view by the people operating in it to avoid taxes because the productions are illegal. Whats more, activity is unreported, it is absent from GDP. Health and Life Expectancy A higher real GDP does enable us to spend more on medical research, healthy food, the quality hospital, Leisure Time Leisure time is an economic high-quality that include to our economic welfare. Other factors remaining the same, the better off we are. Working time is valued as a part of GDP, but leisure is not. Environmental Quality Economic influences the quality of environment. Using car, rubbish from industries, the pollution of machine tool. Resources used to protect the environment are valued as a part of GDP. However we are not count the polluted from the atmosphere as a part of GDP. Political Freedom and Social Justice The majority of people evaluate Political Freedom and Social Justice should go to the same direction but in the real situation is not. A country might have a huge GDP but have limited political freedom. On the other hand they might have less social justice. For the example, Chain is the fastest-growing economy but they have limited political freedom. Economic Welfare Comparisons Firstly, the real GDP of one country should be changed into the same currency unit as the real GDP of the other country. Secondly, the same prices must be used to value the good and services in the country being compared. Hence, the real GDP must be use for make international comparisons of economic welfare. However, real GDP comparisons are a major component of international welfare comparisons and two special problems arise in making international comparisons. Business Cycle Forecast If policy makers plan to increase interest rates to slow an expansion that they believe is too strong, they look at the least estimates of real GDP. Business cycles are the irregular fluctuations in total economic activity observed in all developed market economic. Collection economic activity is measure by real GDP, the whole weighted by market prices, of all goods and services produced in an economy. The fluctuation in economic activity measured by real GDP tell business cycle that the economy is in. when real GDP grow, the economy is in a business cycle expansion and when real GDP shrinks, the economy is in a recession. Also, as real GDP fluctuates, so do production ad jobs. But real GDP fluctuations probably exaggerate or overstate the fluctuations in total production and economic welfare. (Parkin, Powell and Matthews, 2008:480-483) How to calculate Nominal GDP and Real GDP Nominal GDP is GDP of country that evaluated at current prices of goods and services. On the other hand, Real GDP is GDP of country that evaluated the value of productions for a given year at base year. For example, an economy producing printers and digital cameras in the year 2005 So, Nominal GDP 2005 = $(P printers * Q digital cameras + P digital cameras * Q printers) *P = Prices, Q = Quantities Table 1.1 GDP Data for 2005 GDP Data for 2008 Item Quantity Price Quantity Price Printers 100 $10.00 150 $30.00 digital camera 150 $30.00 175 $32.00 From the following data in the table 1.1, we can evaluate real GDP by using year 2005 to be as base year So, Real GDP2005 = $ (P2005 printers * Q2005 printers + P2005 digital cameras * Q2005 digital cameras) = $ (10*100 + 30*150) = $ (1,000 + 4,500) = $ 5,500 Then, Real GDP2008 = value of the 2008 quantities at 2005 prices = $ (P2005printers * Q2008printers + P2005digital cameras * Q2008digital cameras) = $ (10*150 + 30*175) = $ (1,500 + 5,250) = $ 6,750 Afterward, Comparing how many percentage that an economy in year 2008 has growth from year 2005 (as base year) So, = $ (6,750 5,500) * 100 = 22.73% $5,500 That is mean, an economy in year 2008, calculated and compared by real GDP measurement, has growth from year 2005 at 22.73 percentages. Generally, higher GDP is seemed to be better than lower GDP because more output produced mean higher potential standard of living. On the other hand, higher GDP doesnt promise that happiness is increasing because GDP often goes up when bad situations happen. For example, this table chart below illustrates the percentages of Singapores GDP and Chinas GDP in 2006-2008. Overall, it is clear that even China has had higher GDP real growth rate than Singapore but Singapore still has had higher GDP per capita than China. That is mean, Singapores standard of living is better than China Standard of living. Table 1.2 Singapore China GDP Real Growth Rate 1.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 175 7.8% (2007 est.) 8.4% (2006 est.) 9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 16 13% (2007 est.) 11.6% (2006 est.) GDP per capita (ppp) $ 51,500 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $ 51,600 (2007 est.) $ 28,500 (2006 est.) $ 6,000 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 133 $ 5,500 (2007 est.) $ 4,900 (2006 est.) *note : data are in 2008 US dollar Education expenditure 3.7% of GDP (2001) 1.9% of GDP (1999) Labor force 2.94 million country comparison to the world: 103 807.3 million country comparison to the world: 1 Labor force by occupation: Agriculture: 0% Industry: 27.8% Services: 72.2% Agriculture: 43% Industry: 25% Services: 32% Singapore Overviews Economic Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It is an outstanding open and corruption-free situation and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. The economy depend on export, electrics equipment and information technology products. In 2004 and 2007 real GDP growth at about 7% but decreased to 1.1% in 2008. However, Singapores economy is predictable to go a broad-bases slowdown in 2009. The ministry said in a statement. The economy last saw a full year reduction in 2001 when it shrank 2.4 percent. Singapore, a major trading hub and financial center, has been hit by the sharp slowdown in the United States, Japan and Europe, which has also increased to emerging economic such as China and India. China Overviews Economy Chinas economy in the past 30 years has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Furthermore, the economy still grew by 9.0% in 2008, the highest growth rate among the major economy in the world. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009) In that case, Singapore is a small country if you will compare landscape and population with China. However, the table 1.2 shows chinas economy seem to be grew up in last three years ago by real GDP growth rate. On the other hand, Singapores economy fluctuated in the same period times. In fact, these are can not measure or summary that Chinas standard of living is better than Singapores standard of living. And also, we can uses the measuring of GDP per capita, is the excellent system, to evaluate which countries have healthy financial system. When measured at the table chart that found Singapores GDP per capita in 2008 stood at $ 51,500, among the highest in the world. In contrast, Chinas GDP per capita in 2008 stood at $ 6,000. The reasons for this are Singapores standard of living is better than China because Singapores peoples earn more. Therefore, they could spend their money for quality products and services. In conclusion, GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the summary of produced good and services in the country during a given period. Whats more, GDP is measure by using the expense and income totals in the circular flow model of the expense and income. Real GDP or Real Gross Domestic Products is used to compare an economy between countries during times period as a given based year. Furthermore, Real GDP is not perfect interpretation of economic welfare. However, this measurement is rather useful for comparing the standard of living between countries and also providing the history of the economic growth of those countries. Real GDP is showed by the percentage change in the value of production is year base on an average of the prices in the current year and the previous year. On the other, this measurement does not include household and underground production, environmental damage and the value of health, leisure time and political freedom. In addition, Real GDP across a number of years is used for measuring economic growth.
Friday, October 25, 2019
Essay --
Efficient communication between cells is crucial in governing cellular activities. Cytokines are a key element of the cell signaling process and mediate communication among cells. Cytokines are a type of small proteins released by cells that have an effect on the behavior of other cells. There are several different types of cytokines including interleukins, interferons, and tumour necrosis factor. Many different types of cells can produce cytokines, such as immune cells like macrophages, mast cells, and B lymphoctyes. Cytokines are especially important in the immune system because they help coordinate that balance between the cell-based immune response and the humoral immune response. There are several different factors that go into play in the function of cytokines and their effect. There are many different types of cytokines, and each cytokines has a matching cell-surface receptor. Cytokines bind to specific receptors on target cells with high affinity. Cascades of intercellular signaling following then have an effect on the function of cells. Depending on what type of cytokines,...
Thursday, October 24, 2019
ââ¬ÅPenelopeââ¬Â by Dorothy Parker Essay
After embarking on the literary journey that is ââ¬Å"The Odysseyâ⬠, I decided to tackle this poem by Dorothy Parker. Although short in length, the poem was deceptively challenging due to the unraveling of symbolism within the words. Embedded within the short sentences were insightful references to seemingly ordinary objects, such as the sea, the sun, and even the breeze. These descriptions also added to the simple beauty of the poem. I also had a chance to see from Penelopeââ¬â¢s point of view and what she thought about Odysseus and his travels, something that does not commonly occur in ââ¬Å"The Odysseyâ⬠. The poem was filled with references to a journey even from the first few lines. There were many words that immediately made me think about a voyage one may take. For example, ââ¬Å"pathway of the sunâ⬠(line 1) and ââ¬Å"footsteps of the breezeâ⬠(line 2) made me think as though the sun and breeze were guides for an adventure, leading the way and showing where to go. Odysseus traveled ââ¬Å"where the world and sky [were] oneâ⬠(line 3). This shows unity between the Greek gods in the heavens and the god of water, Poseidon. The seas were also shown as ââ¬Å"glitteringâ⬠(line 5) and ââ¬Å"silverâ⬠(line 4) displaying the beauty of the sea. I liked how Parker connected the Earthââ¬â¢s natural beauty to the treacherous yet exciting journey taken by Odysseus. It added another level to his trek that related him to the world he was exploring. The next section showed Penelopeââ¬â¢s ability to wait patiently for her true love ââ¬â her husband Odysseus. Penelope is portrayed as a calm yet cunning woman within a few lines. She waits ââ¬Å"at home, and [rocks]â⬠(line 6) in her rocking chair, thus showing her patience. However, Penelope is also very wily as she uses her loom trick to deceive the suitors with an ambition of taking her hand in marriage. She says she will ââ¬Å"snip [her] threadâ⬠(line 8), connecting to the loom trick. She is also shown as being more independent as she plans to ââ¬Å"bleach the linen for [her] bedâ⬠(line 9), a chore usually done by maids. The last line ends the poem very strongly. Penelope sounds a bit jealous as she states, ââ¬Å"They will call him braveâ⬠à (line 10). Is she jealous that she has had to do a lot of hard work while he has been gone, yet she receives no praise for it? I believe Parker put this in to show how Penelope just wants to be noticed and applauded for her handiwork. These actions shown by Penelope were extremely detailed and I loved being able to read the poem and visualize every part in my head.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Prima Donna
Prima Donna Prima Donna Prima Donna By Maeve Maddox Henry Preston writes: Please, please, help nip this malapropism in the bud: Pre-Madonna. Im not kidding, Ive seen this twice in the past few weeks on comment boards. prima donna [prÃâmÃ⢠dÃ
nÃâ¢] (pree muh don uh) is an Italian term translated literally as first lady. In the music world, a prima donna is the best and most celebrated female singer in an opera company. Maria Callas swept into New York. She arrived, as is proper for prima donnas, in triumph. [Carmen] Melis had been a soprano prima donna at La Scala in Milan and had sung with Caruso and Titta Ruffo. Often referred to as the greatest Italian prima donna of the last half century, Tebaldi made her debut as Elena in Boitoââ¬â¢s Mefistofele in 1944. Because some prime donne (plural of prime donna) felt that their talent and popularity deserved special treatment, the term came to mean self-centered, arrogant, uncooperative person. In this sense it is used to describe gifted or otherwise significant people who know their worth and want everyone else to kowtow to them because of it. The Senate, meanwhile, is an institution that, by nature, furthers individualistic prima-donna-ism on both sides of the aisle. This is namely for executives: how do you deal with prima donna employees? What is the best approach? Steeles A Prima Donna But We Arent Ready To Kick Him Off Stage One use of pre-Madonna is as a play on words in connection with the pop singer Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone. When it comes to out-and-out ignorance of the term, the greatest supply of examples is to be found on semi-literate blogs and comment boards, and in sports writing. General comments: you both sound like pree-madonna little girls? arguing over a game, im not trying to get involved in ur war, but how about growing up? im a young egyption princess or milk maid im the greatest pree madonna in the land, I am sick in tired reality show celebs acting like pree-Madonna. Sports-related: Ankela is a little pre-madonna. What an attitude problem. The worst thing of it is that he actually believes that he is far superior to his peers. My trainer calls me a preemadonna cause i like to look good lol. Jay cutler is a primadonna (Not like Alex Rodriguez [was] a pree madonna) Lebron Premadonna James will never win a championship!! Its amusing that a term meaning best female singer has come to be applied to burly athletes. The Italian term for best male singer is primo uomo [prÃâmÃ
wÃâà mo]. Bottom line: Unless the context has something to do with the pop music world before singer Ciccone came along, the expression is prima donna. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for ââ¬Å"Walkâ⬠Rules for Capitalization in Titles45 Idioms with "Roll"
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